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NAT & private ranges

Your whole home shares one public IP. NAT makes that work by rewriting addresses at the router: 10.0.0.5 leaves home wearing 203.0.113.7, and the router keeps a table to deliver the replies back. It’s the duct tape that let IPv4 survive twenty extra years.

private in, public out: one address for the house

The lesson also covers what NAT quietly breaks (inbound connections, some old protocols) and why “port forwarding” exists at all.